A fuzzy logic control of a smart home with energy storage providing active and reactive power flexibility services

There is a need for enhanced flexibility to allow the high penetration of intermittent renewable power into the power system. In this way, transmission system operators (TSO) need more flexible energy resources that help to control the power system frequency by using balancing services. Distribution system operators (DSO) also seek new flexible energy resources that can counteract stochasticity, control voltage level, and manage congestions in distribution networks. Smart homes located in distribution networks are potential resources. Hence, this paper considers a smart home with flexible appliances and devices, including a battery energy storage system (BESS) interfaced with an inverter, an air conditioner (AC), and an electric vehicle (EV). The smart home aims to provide the system operators with coordinated frequency and DSO-level services while respecting the thermal comfort and schedules of the household residence. The inverter-interfaced BESS not only provides active power support for TSO and DSO, but it also injects and consumes reactive power if the DSO needs local flexibility. Fuzzy logic control system is deployed to obtain this goal. In the simulation section, a smart home with flexible appliances is scheduled. Different operations and the economic outcomes are discussed for the smart home considering real -world data.