HOW DO IMMIGRANT FAMILY BUSINESSES ACHIEVE GLOBAL EXPANSION? AN EMBEDDEDNESS PERSPECTIVE

Extant literature on immigrant family businesses (IFBs) refers to the vital role of embeddedness in their success. Yet, little is known about how embeddedness evolves from family to global and how it helps IFBs to establish themselves in a host country, survive the related challenges, and thrive in the international market. By drawing on the lived experience of 25 highly successful family business entrepreneurs in Australia, we develop an integrated process model and identify a four-phase chronology of IFBs' success toward global expansion: arriving, establishing, expanding, and thriving. Further, this model links these transitory phases to the IFBs' embeddedness that evolves from family to local, host country, and global. Our findings suggest that while family embeddedness is critical over time, its scope is limited as the IFBs form new, more extensive networks toward the global market. IFBs act as boundary spanners, blending local and international resources to create value. The theoretical and practical implications of our findings are shared in the concluding section.