Differential benefits of physical training associated or not with L-arginine supplementation in rats with metabolic syndrome: Evaluation of cardiovascular, autonomic and metabolic parameters

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by endocrine-metabolic and cardiac alterations that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Dietary supplementation with L-Arginine (L-Arg) is beneficial for fat loss, while chronic aerobic exercise has several benefits in reversing cardiovascular, autonomic, and metabolic dysfunctions caused by obesity. However, the association between these two approaches has not yet been described. This study aimed to evaluate the possible benefits of physical training, with or without L-Arg-supplementation, on cardiovascular, autonomic, and metabolic parameters in rats with MetS, which was induced by the subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate at 4 mg g  1day  1 in rats from the first to fifth day of life. Physical training on a treadmill and supplementation with L-Arg-in adulthood were carried out concomitantly for 8 weeks. After this, the animals underwent femoral artery catheterization to record their cardiovascular parameters and autonomic modulation. Organs and blood were removed to measure levels of nitrite, glucose, and hepatic steatosis. In adult rats with MetS, supplementation with L-Arg-in combination with physical training reduced hypertension, tachycardia, adipose tissue mass, free fatty acids, and hepatic steatosis. Supplementation with L-Arg-and physical training separately was beneficial in reducing several aspects of MetS, but a combination of both was especially effective in reducing adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis. Together, the two therapies can form a good strategy to combat MetS.