Grey-box model and neural network disturbance predictor identification for economic MPC in building energy systems

This paper presents a novel model identification procedure to treat the occupancy induced unmeasured heat disturbance in the building model identification step for a model predictive control (MPC) imple-mentation. First, we present a grey-box identification framework to estimate a dynamic building model that systematically accounts for the large unmeasured disturbance in the training data. Then, we discuss an approach to compute the confidence intervals (CIs) on the parameters estimated in the building model. Next, we develop a framework to identify a neural network (NN) using historical operational data to give the feedforward predictions of the heat disturbance in the MPC optimization problem. Further, we discuss the application of the composite building model and the NN disturbance predictor for energy cost optimization using an economic MPC formulation. We present case studies using a simple two time scale based building model, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed grey-box model and the NN dis-turbance predictor identification procedures. We perform closed-loop simulations to highlight that addi-tional energy cost savings of up to 4-5% are provided by including the feedforward NN disturbance predictions in the MPC controller. Finally, we also demonstrate the suitability of the proposed two-step model identification procedure to estimate accurate and reliable models using an industrial data set collected from a real office building.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.