Early and late outcomes in patients with severe extracranial internal carotid stenosis undergoing carotid endarterectomy

Objective To determine the perioperative and late outcomes for carotid endarterectomy (CEA ) in treatment of patients with high-grade stenotic lesions of the extracranial internal carotid artery. Methods Twenty patients underwent 21 CEAs at the Zhongshan Hospital between May 1993 and June 2000. They were 19 men and 1 woman, with a mean age of 64±9 years. Seve n patients were performed for stroke, 11 for transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs) and 2 for asymptomatic disease. Duplex scan was the primary tool of evaluation prio r to surgery. Perioperative digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resona nce angiography were done for 19 and 18 patients, respe ctively. The percentage of stenosis was calculated using NASCET criteria. Of t he 21 lesions operated, 19 had a stenosis of 70% or greater, 2 had ulcerative le sions with a stenosis ranging from 60% to 69%. All CEAs were performed under ce rvical block anaesthesia with selective intraoperative shunting and patch angiop lasty. The patients were followed up regularly with duplex scan surveillance.Results There was no mortality or stroke during 30 days postoperatively. A TIA occurred in one patient and cranial nerve injury in 2 patients perioperatively. All pat ients were followed up for a mean interval of 31±20 months (range: 1-63 months) . The 2-year survival rate and risk of stroke were 92.3% and 0%, respectively , and the 5-year survival rate and risk of stroke were 79.1% and 12.5%, respe ctively. Two asymptomatic recurrent stenoses ranging from 50% to 60% were detec ted on follow-up duplex scan. Conclusions For the patients in this study, CEA is associated with an acceptable perioperati ve outcome as well as a satisfactory long-term beneficial effect in stroke prev ention.