Phase invariance in a recently proposed common-path laser interferometer

This study shows that the principle of a recently proposed common-path laser interferometer containing a planar grating is nonexistent and apparently caused by a mathematical derivation error. Both p-and s-polarized beams in the proposed setup experience once the +1st-order diffraction and once the-1st-order diffraction by the grating. As a result, the phase of each beam remains unchanged and the interference fringes formed by the two beams are not expected to move when the grating is translated in the grating vector direction. We perform an experiment to confirm this prediction. Both our analysis and experimental observation cast doubt on the experimental results of the authors who proposed the interferometer.