In this paper, the torsion of non-homogeneous anisotropic elastic cylinders is considered. It is assumed that at any point of the cylinder there is one symmetric plane perpendicular to the generator and the strain coefficients α(ij)=α(ij)(x, y) are differentiable functions of x and y.By assuming, we prove Saint-Venant’s result: σ=σ=σ=τ=0. At the same time, the differential equation satisfied by the stress function Ψ is obtained as:The cylindrical anisotropic and composite cylinders are then discussed as special cases.Lastly, some numerical examples are given. By comparing the results with those of the homogeneous cases, we point out the differences between the two cases.