Phosphorus-doping and oxygen vacancy endowing anatase TiO2 with excellent sodium storage performance

Titanium dioxide is considered to be promising anode for sodium-ion batteries due to stable structure during the charge/discharge process.However,its practical application is hindered by the slow electron/ion transport.Herein,phosphorus-doped anatase TiO2nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies are successfully synthesized and utilized as high-performance sodium-storage materials.The dual strategy of phosphorus-doping and oxygen vacancies can concurrently boost electronic conductivity and adjust ion diffusion kinetics.They significantly contribute to the improved rate performance(167 mAh·g-1at 20.0 C) and stable cycling(95.9% after 2000 cycles at 20.0 C).The proposed dual strategy can be potentially used to improve other oxide anodes for rechargeable batteries.