长江中下游成矿带铁-铜成矿系统结构的地球物理探测:综合分析

被引:31
作者
吕庆田
孟贵祥
严加永
张昆
龚雪婧
高凤霞
机构
[1] 中国地质科学院
[2] 中国地质科学院地球深部探测中心
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目; 国家重点研发计划;
关键词
长江中下游成矿带; 岩石圈结构; 深部过程; 成矿系统; 地球物理探测;
D O I
10.13745/j.esf.sf.2020.3.18
中图分类号
P618.31 [铁]; P618.41 [铜]; P631 [地球物理勘探];
学科分类号
0709 ; 081803 ; 0818 ; 081801 ; 081802 ;
摘要
成矿系统是在深部过程驱动下形成的、具有自组织的能量及物质迁移-汇聚系统。系统在形成和演化过程中,在岩石圈不同尺度上留下"痕迹",这种"痕迹"可以通过地球物理、地球化学和遥感等方法进行探测或观测。文章尝试在成矿系统理论框架下,对近10多年来在长江中下游成矿带进行的多尺度地球物理、地球化学探测结果进行分析,识别典型陆内成矿系统"源区""通道""场所"的地球物理、地球化学"痕迹",尝试构建陆内成矿系统的空间结构模型。主要结论有:(1)长江中下游晚中生代的大规模铁、铜多金属成矿作用是一个完整的成矿系统。该系统包括3个子系统,分别为与高钾钙碱性岩浆岩有关的夕卡岩-斑岩成矿子系统、与橄榄安粗岩有关的陆相火山岩铁(硫)成矿子系统和与碱性岩有关的铜-金(铀)成矿子系统。(2)成矿系统的"源区"来自富集地幔的熔融、底侵,并在壳/幔边界与下地壳物质的混合,具有多级分布特点。幔源岩浆与地壳物质混合的比例决定了成矿金属的类型。(3)成矿带发育的"鳄鱼嘴"构造是铁铜成矿系统的主干"通道"。成矿系统"末端"矿质沉淀的"场所"主要受近地表褶皱、断裂、层间滑脱断层,以及由它们形成的断裂(裂隙)网络控制。(4)区域磁异常、放射性和地球化学异常是成矿系统残留"痕迹"的响应和"标识"。通过分析不同尺度的"标识"特征,可以深入认识成矿系统的空间结构,并可用于深部成矿预测。
引用
收藏
页码:232 / 253
页数:22
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