Hybrid Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Nanogenerators for Mechanical Energy Harvesting:A Review

Motion-driven electromagnetictriboelectric energy generators(E-TENGs) hold a Hybrid triboelectric-electromagnetic generators C A Bgreat potential to provide higher voltages, higher currents and wider operating bandwidths than Cantilever generators1 μm both electromagnetic and triboelectric generators Rotating generatorsSliding generators standing alone. Therefore, they are promising solutions to autonomously supply a broad range of Flexible blade generators Magnetoelectric highly sophisticated devices. This paper provides generators a thorough review focused on major recent breakLinear generators Multidimensional generators throughs in the area of electromagnetic-triboelectric vibrational energy harvesting. A detailed Pendulum generators analysis was conducted on various architectures including rotational, pendulum, linear, sliding, cantilever, flexible blade, multidimensional and 1 cm magnetoelectric, and the following hybrid technologies. They enable highly e cient ways to harvest electric energy from many forms of vibrational, rotational, biomechanical, wave, wind and thermal sources, among others. Open-circuit voltages up to 75 V, short-circuit currents up to 60 mA and instantaneous power up to 144 mW were already achieved by these nanogenerators. Their transduction mechanisms, including proposed models to make intelligible the involved physical phenomena, are also overviewed here. A comprehensive analysis was performed to compare their respective construction designs, external excitations and electric outputs. The results highlight the potential of hybrid E-TENGs to convert unused mechanical motion into electric energy for both large-and small-scale applications.Finally, this paper proposes future research directions toward optimization of energy conversion e ciency, power management, durability and stability, packaging, energy storage, operation input, research of transduction mechanisms, quantitative standardization, system integration, miniaturization and multi-energy hybrid cells.