Construction of Oriented Structure in Inner Surface of Small-Diameter Artificial Blood Vessels: A Review

There is an urgent need for small-diameter artificial blood vessels in clinic. Physical, chemical and biological factors should be integrated to avoid thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia after implantation and to promote successful fabrication of small-diameter artificial blood vessels. From a physical perspective, the internal oriented structures of natural blood vessels plays an important role in guiding the directional growth of cells, improving the blood flow environment, and promoting the regeneration of vascular tissue. In this review, the effects of the oriented structures on cells, including endothelial cells(ECs), smooth muscle cells(SMCs) and stem cells, as well as the effect of the oriented structures on hemodynamics and vascular tissue remodeling and regeneration are introduced. Various forms of oriented structures(fibers, grooves, channels, etc.) and their construction methods are also reviewed. Conclusions and future perspectives are given. It is expected to give some references to relevant researches.