Empowering digital twins with eXtended reality collaborations

Background The advancements of Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Analytics, and the Internet of Things paved the path to the emergence and use of Digital Twins(DTs) as technologies to “twin” the life of a physical entity in different fields, ranging from industry to healthcare. At the same time, the advent of eXtended Reality(XR) in industrial and consumer electronics has provided novel paradigms that may be put to good use to visualize and interact with DTs. XR technologies can support human-to-human interactions for training and remote assistance and could transform DTs into collaborative intelligence tools. Methods We here present the Human Collaborative Intelligence empowered Digital Twin framework(HCLINT-DT) integrating human annotations(e.g., textual and vocal) to allow the creation of an all-in-one-place resource to preserve such knowledge. This framework could be adopted in many fields, supporting users to learn how to carry out an unknown process or explore others’ past experiences. Results The assessment of such a framework has involved implementing a DT supporting human annotations, reflected in both the physical world(Augmented Reality) and the virtual one(Virtual Reality). Conclusions The outcomes of the interface design assessment confirm the interest in developing HCLINT-DT-based applications. Finally, we evaluated how the proposed framework could be translated into a manufacturing context.