北京香山公园主要植被类型的夏季环境效应评价

被引:30
作者
杜万光 [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
王成 [1 ,2 ]
王茜 [1 ,2 ,3 ]
包红光 [1 ,2 ,5 ]
贺然 [6 ]
徐晨 [6 ]
高飞 [6 ]
谢静 [4 ,7 ]
机构
[1] 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业局森林培育重点实验室
[2] 国家林业局城市森林研究中心
[3] 北京市园林科学研究院
[4] 北京市园林绿化局
[5] 内蒙古农业大学林学院
[6] 北京市公园管理中心
[7] 北京市林业碳汇工作办公室
关键词
生态环境效应; 大气颗粒物; 人体舒适度; 负离子浓度; 噪音;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
Q948 [植物生态学和植物地理学];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
【目的】对香山公园典型植被生态环境效应相关影响因子分析评价,以期为游客选择香山公园最佳游览时间及公园绿地管理和景观设置提供理论依据。【方法】夏季连续10天在北京香山公园5处不同植物类型的游憩点进行测定,选择园外广场为对照,分析6处监测点微气候、PM10和PM2.5浓度、人体舒适度、空气负离子浓度及噪音情况,研究各因子日变化规律,并统计比较不同游憩点间差异和各生态因子间的相关性。【结果】香山公园日空气温度和空气相对湿度呈单峰型变化,平均降低空气温度1.7℃,增加空气相对湿度6%;人体舒适度达到Ⅱ级标准的时间最长可达8.5 h;PM10和PM2.5浓度均呈早晚高、午后低的双峰型变化特征,各游憩点对PM2.5日均净化率达27.6%,对PM10日均净化率达25.9%,2种颗粒物浓度间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),2种颗粒物浓度与温度、湿度分别呈显著负相关(P<0.05)和极显著正相关(P<0.01);负离子浓度呈波峰波谷交替变化,早、中、晚出现3个高峰,园内日均值为795个·cm-3,为园外的2.43倍,与PM10和PM2.5浓度极显著负相关(P<0.01),与温度显著负相关(P<0.05)、与湿度极显著正相关(P<0.01),通过空气离子评价指数得出各游憩点均在6:00前后和20:00—21:00达到了轻度或中度污染;噪音呈现出早晚2个高峰,园内噪音平均值为40.3 d B,平均降噪率达21.8%,与植物郁闭度显著负相关(P<0.05);植物郁闭度与负离子浓度极显著正相关(P<0.01),与PM10和PM2.5质量浓度极显著负相关(P<0.01)。【结论】香山公园绿地内不同植被类型间增湿、降温、抗污染、降噪等能力存在差别,黄栌混交林的生态效应最高,草坪最低;香山公园夏季合理的游憩时段为7:00—11:00和17:00—20:00。
引用
收藏
页码:155 / 164
页数:10
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