土壤管理措施及环境因素对土壤微生物多样性影响研究进展

被引:122
作者
钟文辉
蔡祖聪
机构
[1] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室南京,南京师范大学化学与环境科学学院,南京,南京
关键词
土壤; 微生物多样性; 化肥; 农药; 耕作; 轮作;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
S154 [土壤生物学];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
本文综述了土壤管理措施及环境因素对土壤微生物多样性影响的研究进展 ,并介绍了土壤微生物多样性的研究方法。土壤微生物多样性包括微生物物种多样性、遗传多样性和生态多样性。传统上 ,土壤微生物群落的分析依赖于培养技术 ,但使用该技术只能培养和分离出一小部分土壤微生物群落。现在国际上普遍使用Biolog分析、磷脂脂肪酸 (PLFA)分析和核酸分析等多种现代技术研究和表征土壤微生物多样性。土壤微生物多样性受土壤管理措施和多种环境因素的影响。农药可能使土壤微生物多样性减少或改变其结构和功能 ;施有机肥有利于维持土壤微生物的多样性及活性 ;但在施用无机肥的影响上目前的报道有矛盾之处。农业土壤减少耕作可能增加微生物多样性和生物量 ;轮作可能比单一栽培耕作更有利于维持土壤微生物的多样性及活性。土壤微生物多样性也受土壤有机质、植被、季节变化等因素的影响 ,且通常遭受干旱、过度放牧、营养缺乏等的胁迫作用。
引用
收藏
页码:456 / 465
页数:10
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