Interaction of hydrogen with TiOplays a vital role in TiO-based photocatalysis and thermal catalysis. In this work, we compared thermal-, photo-, and electron-induced reactivity of various types of hydrogen species on a rutile TiO(110) surface formed by atomic H exposure at 320 and 115 K by means of thermal desorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction. Atomic H interaction with rutile TiO(110) at 115 K forms surface TiààH hydride, surface hydroxyl group, and chemisorbed water. Upon heating, surface TiààH hydride reacts to produce H2 while surface hydroxyl groups react to form both water and H2. Atomic H interaction with rutile TiO(110) at 320 K strongly reduces TiOdue to the continuous formation and desorption of water and forms surface hydroxyl groups and likely subsurface/bulk hydrogen species. Upon heating, hydrogen forms as the only gas-phase product and its desorption activation energy decreases with the subsurface/bulk reduction extent of rutile TiO(110). Surface Ti-H hydride exhibits photo-induced reactivity while both surface TiààH hydride and surface hydroxyl group exhibit electro-induced reactivity. These results have important implications for understanding the hydrogen-involved thermal and photo reactions on TiO-based catalysts.