Tumor tissue stiffness regulates macrophages differentiation and functions

<正>Background&Objective Tumor-associated macrophages(TAM)are induced by many cytokines,such as IL-4,IL-10,IL-13,and are considered to be of the M2 phenotype,which provides an immunosuppressive microenvironment for tumor growth.However,biomechanistssuggest that cells in the tumor microenvironment are affected not only by chemical signals but also mechanical factors,of which the stiffness of tissues is a major determinant.Compared with normal tissues,including the peri-tumor tissues,tumor tissues are more rigid.Heretofore,the influence,on the differentiation and function of macrophages,of the differences in such physical aspect between tumor