景观生态恢复与重建是区域生态安全格局构建的关键途径

被引:140
作者
关文彬
谢春华
马克明
牛健植
赵玉涛
汪西林
机构
[1] 北京林业大学水土保持部级重点实验室
[2] 中国科学院生态环境研究中心
[3] 北京林业大学水土保持部级重点实验室 北京
[4] 北京
关键词
生态安全格局; 构建途径; 景观恢复与重建;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
X171 [生态系统与污染生态学];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
生态恢复与重建是跨尺度、多等级的问题 ,其主要表现层次应是生态系统 (生物群落 )、景观 ,甚至区域 ,而不能仅仅局限于生态系统。景观的恢复与重建是针对景观退化而言 ,景观退化从表现形式上可分为景观结构退化与景观功能退化。景观结构退化即景观破碎化 ,是指景观中各生态系统之间的各种功能联系断裂或连接度 ( connectivity)减少的现象 ;而鲜受重视的景观聚集 ( aggregation)在很多情况下同样具有造成景观退化的负面效应。景观功能退化是指与前一状态相比 ,由于景观异质性的改变导致景观的稳定性与服务功能等的衰退现象。景观恢复是指恢复原生生态系统间被人类活动终止或破坏的相互联系 ;景观生态建设应以景观单元空间结构的调整和重新构建为基本手段 ,包括调整原有的景观格局 ,引进新的景观组分等 ,以改善受胁或受损生态系统的功能 ,提高其基本生产力和稳定性 ,将人类活动对于景观演化的影响导入良性循环。二者的综合 ,统称为景观生态恢复与重建 ,是构建安全的区域生态格局的关键途径。其目标是建立一种由结构合理、功能高效、关系协调的模式生态系统 ( model ecosystem)组成的模式景观 ( model landscape) ,以实现生态系统健康、生态格局安全和景观服务功能持续 ,以 3S( RS,GPS,GIS)技术为支撑的 G
引用
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页码:64 / 73
页数:10
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