Influence of cultivar on macro-and micronutrient composition, potential toxic elements accumulation and their interrelationships in leaves and fruits of European plum (Prunus domestica L.)

This study examined 13 European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars developed at the Fruit Research Institute, Cacak, to assess genotypic variability in nutrient content, potential toxic elements accumulation and nutritional balance in fruits and leaves, over a three-year period. Significant differences were observed among cultivars, years and their interactions for all examined parameters. Cultivars such as 'Valjevka' and 'Cacanska Najbolja' demonstrated higher nutrient uptake capacities, whereas 'Krina' and 'Mildora', showed lower mineral accumulation and greater imbalance. Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly for Mn, Zn and Fe were noted in both leaves and fruits. All potential toxic elements concentrations remained within acceptable limits, with notable genotypic variations. Nutritional balance, assessed via DOP and EDOP indices, revealed that 'Cacanska Rodna' and 'Pozna Plava' maintained more stable nutrient profiles. Correlation analysis indicated complex interrelationships among nutrients in both leaves and fruits, including synergistic and antagonistic interactions. Principal component analysis highlighted distinct genotype-driven nutrient accumulation patterns, clustering cultivars by mineral composition and nutritional status. These findings emphasize the role of genotype in managing nutrient uptake efficiency, limiting the accumulation of undesirable elements and improving fruit quality. The results may support future breeding strategies and site-specific cultivar selection to improve nutritional quality and promote sustainable plum production.