Climate change impacts on morpho-anatomical traits, physiological processes and survival strategies of plants: a comprehensive review

Climate extremes are highly stressful to plants' morpho-anatomical, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms. Plants respond to environmental manipulations after a certain period of exposure. They can retain excellent performance under climate stress owing to various physiological and structural characteristics. The significance of the link between climate and the physiological processes of plants has come to the spotlight because the physics of plants' structure entirely controls important metabolic and physiological processes, and the plant's structure is affected by climate change. This review aims to provide a wider understanding of the effects of climate change on plants and their survival strategies so that the same could be tactically employed to enhance global endurance against climate change extremes. The review will be a powerful tool for synthesizing information on how morpho-anatomical and physiological features of different plants respond to the utmost environmental settings, including elevated CO2, elevated temperature, extreme climatic events (such as flooding, drought), and air pollution, and help them to cope and survive efficaciously in harsh environments.