Application of Artificial Intelligence to Lipid Nutrition: A Narrative Review

Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant progress in life sciences, with promising results in medical diagnostics, treatment, personalization, drug discovery, and repurposing. In contrast, the applications of AI in nutrition remain in its infancy, with specific applications to lipid nutrition being less frequent. This narrative review highlights AI applications in medicine and pharmaceuticals through a nutrition lens and examines emerging opportunities in lipid nutrition. Beginning at the molecular level with nutrient interactions, lipidomics, and modes and mechanisms of action (MoA), we describe potential applications of AI tools at the community level and global level for personalized nutrition, health claims, product development, and ultimately predictions for public health. We offer a summary of AI approaches, focusing on MoA of lipids and their metabolic pathways, biomarker discovery for health and disease, measuring dietary intake, and an overview of key lipid databases. AI methodologies are well-positioned to transform nutrition research and practice by assisting in data collection, processing, and analysis; monitoring nutritional status of populations; elucidating MoA; predicting bioactive compounds, nutrients, and the health effects of diets; and facilitating nutrition recommendations tailored to individuals. With this review, we encourage further research to advance innovation through the integration of AI and lipid nutrition for the benefit of public health.