TRAFFICKING OF HUMAN BEINGS AND THE CAUSES OF THIS TRAFFICKING IN KOSOVO

Background: Human trafficking is a highly harmful and disturbing crime affecting Kosovo and the broader region, posing a serious threat to human rights. The criminal occurrence of human trafficking is often associated with organised criminal groups that operate transnationally, making the combat of this criminal phenomenon a complex and urgent matter. Methods: This research employs a literature review approach of existing literature, qualitative content analysis of institutional reports, and statistical data. Empirical sources include data from Kosovo national institutions and international organisations such as the U.S. Department of State and the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), among others. Results and Conclusions: Legal reforms have been introduced, including the enactment of the Law on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and Protecting Victims of Trafficking, as well as amendments to the Kosovo Criminal Code and the 2022-2026 National Strategy Against Human Trafficking. However, weak institutional capacity and corruption hinder enforcement. The findings demonstrate that human trafficking in Kosovo has an upward trend despite the efforts taken by national institutions. Addressing this requires improved inter-agency coordination, enhanced prosecution, and better victim services.