Developing a conceptual framework for relief goods distribution during disasters: a multi-method qualitative study

BackgroundNatural disasters and crises persistently affect human societies, often resulting in substantial loss of life and property. A major challenge during such events is the rapid and efficient distribution of relief goods to affected populations. This study aims to develop a Relief Goods Distribution Conceptual Framework (RGDCF) during disasters in Iran.MethodsThis study was conducted in four phases. In the first phase, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify challenges in the distribution of relief goods and strategies for improvement. The second phase involved semi-structured interviews with national experts and stakeholders to examine the characteristics and requirements of an appropriate distribution framework for relief goods. In the third phase, drawing on the findings from the previous phases and expert panel discussions, an initial RGDCF was developed. Finally, in the fourth phase, the Delphi technique was employed to validate the proposed framework.ResultsA review of 18 studies identified key challenges in the distribution of relief goods, including lack of coordination among responsible authorities, needs assessment problems, damage to infrastructure, financial challenges and management of public donations, lack of local community participation, weakness in disaster preparedness, and shortage of trained personnel. The RGDCF was developed, based on four core principles: pre-disaster preparedness, unified command and management, intersectoral coordination, and community engagement, with 15 operational requirements aimed at improving distribution efficiency and equity. The developed framework received an acceptable score in terms of its feasibility, alignment with higher-level documents, stakeholder acceptance, and flexibility.ConclusionThe RGDCF offers a comprehensive approach to addressing the challenges in relief goods distribution, ensuring more efficient and equitable humanitarian response. Its feasibility, alignment with existing policies, and stakeholder acceptance highlight its potential for practical implementation, as well as providing a structured basis for monitoring, evaluating, and improving relief operations in disaster management.