Resveratrol Anti-inflammatory Effect against Palmitate-induced Cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 Macrophages

Background Resveratrol (RES) is a phytochemical bioactive compound with suggested therapeutic benefits.Objective The current work aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of RES against palmitate (PA) induced lipotoxicity in raw 264.7 macrophages cell line.Methods The cells viability was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Then the effects of RES and PA on nitric oxide (NO), triglyceride (TG) content, and cytokines release were studied. The effect of RES and PA on the treated cells bioenergetics and redox status was evaluated via different assays.Results The results showed that at doses of 10 and 20 mu M, RES dramatically increased the vitality of PA-exposed macrophages with dramatic significant decrease in the release the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, HMGB-1, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 and their coding genes expression with marked improvement in the cells phagocytic capacity. In addition, RES dramatically lowered the levels of NO and TG in PA-stimulated macrophages. In addition, PA markedly decreased mitochondrial complexes I and III activities with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and lowered ATP production with induction of oxidative stress. RES was shown to mitigate the effect of PA on macrophages bioenergetics and the oxidative damage and counteracted PA effect on genes linked to oxidative damage, such as Nrf2, Ho-1, NF-kappa B p65, SOD1, and SOD2.Conclusion RES could reduce PA-induced lipotoxicity in macrophages via enhancing their viability and counteracting the excess release of cytokines through alleviating PA-induced bioenergetic disruption and oxidative damage with a suggested positive impact of RES on obesity related illnesses caused by triggered cellular inflammation.