QUANTIFICATION OF METALLIC TRACE ELEMENTS IN MULLUS BARBATUS (L., 1758) FROM THE WESTERN ALGERIAN COAST: ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN HEALTH RISKS

Marine pollution is a significant environmental concern. This study assesses the extent of contamination of the western Algerian coast by selected trace metals, using the benthic fish Mullus barbatus (L., 1758) as a bioindicator. It also evaluates the potential health risks linked to the consumption of this species. Seasonal biological sampling was conducted between March 2023 and February 2024 at two sites: Oran Bay and Ghazaouet Bay. Metal accumulation was analyzed in three target organs: gills, liver, and muscle. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Pb were quantified following mineralization using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Consumer health risks were assessed through the calculation of specific toxicological indices. Statistical analysis of the spatial variation in average trace metal contents reveals a heterogeneous distribution, particularly for Pb. The results showed significant seasonal variations, with the highest concentrations observed in summer and the lowest in winter. Mullus barbatus bioaccumulated all metals, with zinc being the most prevalent, followed by copper and lead. In terms of health risks, estimated daily intake values were within the recommended tolerable daily intake, and both the target risk quotient and the total target risk quotient were <1. Additionally, the carcinogenic risk assessment for Pb indicates no significant cancer risk associated with long-term consumption of this fish. Therefore, while the consumption of red mullet from the Algerian west coast appears safe for consumers, continued monitoring is recommended to track potential marine pollution concerns.