Exploring Human Behaviour in Cyber-Physical Systems with Multi-modelling and Co-simulation

Definitions of cyber-physical systems often include humans within the system boundary, however design techniques often focus on the technical aspects and ignore this important part of the system. Multi-modelling and co-simulation offer a way to bring together models from different disciplines to capture better the behaviours of the overall system. In this paper we present some initial results of incorporating ergonomic models of human behaviours within a cyber-physical multi-model. We present three case studies, from the autonomous aircraft and railway sectors, including initial experiments, and discuss future directions.