A Review on the Analysis of Evaluating Traffic Congestion

Fast transportation of people and commodities from point to point is a prime driver of a country's social, economic, and environmental aspects. A delay caused by numerous factors, such as traffic incidents, constitutes traffic congestion. Traffic congestion influences the behavior of many road users, especially those residing in urban areas, since it wastes time, energy, and patience. Also, the prolonged travel time of people and commodities significantly delays the cash flow in the market and, ultimately, the economy. In addition, the growing number of cars being jammed in traffic for a longer time burns more fuel and yields more carbon emissions, thus polluting the environment. The purpose of this study is based on a collection of other studies, is set to index the following essential areas in the realms of traffic congestion, causes and effects of traffic congestion, economic aspect of traffic congestion, evaluating traffic models, and different simulation used to analyze traffic congestion. Addressing the identified research gaps is vital to the following areas: analysis and support for the positive outcome, limitations and validity of variables, insufficient factors to be considered, and lack of support from local government. This study will help lay the foundation for the detailed analysis of the root cause of traffic congestion that may lead to the eventual solution to address the traffic congestion crisis completely.