Mitigation of root-knot nematode infestation in tomato plants by mycorrhizal fungi

Background and objectives One of main challenges in tomato farming are root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita). By means of improved plant nutrition, induced systemic resistance, and competitive exclusion, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) helps to control nematodes. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Scutellospora heterogama's biocontrol potential is assessed in this work as a non-chemical substitute for synthetic nematicides.Materials and methods After 1,000 eggs of M. incognita were injected into tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum), three doses of S. heterogama spores (1,000, 1,250, and 1,500 spores per plant) were treated upon them. Three replicates per treatment and a randomized complete block design were used in greenhouses studies. Evaluated were root colonization, gall index, nematode egg count, and plant biomass. The grid-line intersect approach was used to assess AMF colonization; galling index and egg count helped to measure nematode suppression.Results All AMF treatments greatly decreased nematode infestation (from 9.33% in control to 3.78%-4.00%) and increased plant biomass. Optimal 1,250 spore dose would have increased shoot dry weight from 2.14 g to 3.40 g. In treated plants, root colonization came at 89% while in controls it came at 0%. Three sequential experimental replicas carried out under the same controlled greenhouse environment produce the results shown below.Conclusion In conclusions Scutellospora heterogama reduces M. incognita stress in tomato quite dramatically. Its application might improve environmentally friendly nematode control. Recommendations for field testing help to confirm its broad relevance.