Research on a double-layer voltage and reactive power control strategy for regional distribution networks based on edge computing

With the extensive integration of distributed energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind power, modern distribution networks face challenges such as frequent voltage fluctuations, insufficient reactive power, and slow response from traditional manual adjustment methods. To enhance power quality and the stability of distribution networks, this paper proposes a double-layer control model for distribution networks based on edge computing. This model optimizes multiple objectives, including power loss, voltage deviation, and the reactive power generation cost of distributed generators (DGs). By deploying real-time monitoring and adaptive control strategies at grid nodes, dynamic regulation of reactive power and voltage is achieved, ensuring system stability and efficiency under different operating conditions. The upper-level global control focuses on overall network coordination and optimization, while the lower-level edge control utilizes an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to achieve localized reactive power compensation. The proposed algorithm was tested on a 33-bus system to verify its effectiveness. Test results show that this method effectively reduces voltage fluctuations and network losses, improving overall system stability and power quality. Test results show that this method reduces network losses by 15 % and voltage deviation by 10 %, significantly improving overall system stability and power quality.