Economic Drivers of Food Security in Latin America: A Composite Indicator Analysis

This study explores agrifood security in Latin America and the Caribbean using a composite indicator based on FAO data from 2002 to 2022. Regression and cluster analyses were used to identify influential variables and regional patterns. The results reveal significant variability between countries, with Puerto Rico leading and Haiti trailing. Notably, only Venezuela recorded a decline in the value of the composite indicator during the period studied. Seven driving variables were identified, such as per capita food production and political stability, along with four hindering variables, such as obesity and lack of a balanced diet. Theoretical implications underscore the cross-sectoral complexity affecting agrifood security, highlighting the need for context-specific policies. Limitations include data variability and the changing climate context. Future research should focus on interactions between variables and the inclusion of sustainability and equity perspectives. This study provides a solid basis for policies to strengthen agrifood security, crucial for sustainable development in the region.