Feedback Assisted by Technology: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research

Access to and use of feedback is a key element in students' acquisition of knowledge and skills. However, given limited educational resources and large classes, technology-enhanced feedback is taking on an increasing role in education. These systems can assist the feedback process holistically by generating, delivering, and using feedback. In order to provide researchers and teachers with information on new technology-enhanced feedback systems, this review provides an overview of technology-enhanced feedback systems research since 2015. A systematic review screening identified 98 articles for detailed review and categorization based around the three processes of feedback discussed in the articles. Results indicated that feedback-generating technology enables the provision of real-time, multi-type feedback and the handling of various types of tasks. For delivering feedback, technology expands the forms and sources of feedback, allowing for multimodal and multi-perspective feedback. Moreover, technology facilitates self-assessment, helping students to understand and use feedback effectively. The review concludes with recommendations and a call for more attention to how students understand and use feedback.