The Municipal authority in charge of Boston, Massachusetts hit on the idea of crowdsourcing the data when it was looking for a smarter way to find which roads it needed to repair. The authority released a mobile app called Street Bump in 2011 that employed a simple idea of using a smartphone?s accelerometer to detect jolts as cars go over potholes and look up the location using the global positioning system. A 2014 paper by Google and New York University found pairs of images of objects that are almost identical to the human eye would be classified completely differently by the neural network. The network was homing in on tiny discrepancies that were found to be important in the images used for training.