Techno-Economic Assessment of Net-Zero Energy Buildings: Financial Projections and Incentives for Achieving Energy Decarbonization Goals

Supported by net-zero emission policies and the falling costs of renewable energy, battery storage solutions, and electric vehicles (EVs), recent innovations are speeding the move to cleaner, more resilient energy systems. This paper presents a thorough techno-economic assessment of Net-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) for Florida's energy decarbonization by 2050. The study focuses on the financial advantages of integrating rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, battery storage, and EVs collectively compared to reliance on grid electricity for both existing and newly built homes in Orlando, Florida. By leveraging federal incentives like the Investment Tax Credit and considering energy efficiency improvements, residents can achieve significant savings. Simulation results show that existing homes with a 9.5 kW PV system and 42.2 kWh battery are projected to generate positive returns by 2029, while newly constructed homes meet this threshold as early as 2024. Also, rooftop solar used to charge an EV can save up to $100 per month for residents compared to gasoline. Combining PV and battery storage not only lowers electric bills but also enhances grid independence and resilience against grid outages. Beyond individual savings, NZEBs contribute to grid stability by reducing electricity demand and supporting utility-scale renewable applications. These advancements lower infrastructure costs, help Florida residents and utilities align with national decarbonization goals, retain approximately $23 Billion within the state, and foster progress toward a sustainable, low-carbon future.