Pollution profiles and human health risk assessment of BPA analogues in seafood from a Chinese coastal city

With the restrictions on bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol analogues (BPs) have become prevalent in the environment and organisms. Diet is a major route for human exposed to BPs, and seafood is a significant dietary component, particularly for coastal residents. We collected 31 seafood samples from the largest seafood market in Lianyungang and detected 11 BPs. The total BPs concentration (excluding two with low detectability) in seafood ranged from 0.54 to 39.65 mu g/kg dry weight. Shellfish exhibited the highest levels of these compounds. Noteworthy variations were observed in both the quantity and the profile of BPs across different species, with BPA and bisphenol S (BPS) emerging as the predominant constituents. Some other BPs, such as bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol AF (BPAF), also have high residual levels. Utilizing the dietary survey results of local residents, we then assessed the exposure levels to BPs through the intake of seafood. Our analysis revealed that the cumulative average daily oral exposure to nine BPs from the consumption of four types of seafood sample was 2.07 ng/kg bw/day. Notably, marine fish were the primary source of BP exposure, contributing to 43.59 % of the total BPs intake. Additionally, our research has shown that BPA exposure poses significant health risks to the general public, with a calculated Hazard Quotient (HQ) of 3.67, which exceeds the risk control threshold of 1. This underscores the urgent need to implement strategies that protect individuals from excessive BPA intake through seafood consumption.