The Hallier Affair, Political Corruption and National Dignity in Romania in Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

In 1895, the Romanian government entered into a contractual agreement whereby the French entrepreneur Adrien Hallier was tasked with the construction of modern port facilities in the Black Sea port of Constanta. In due course, disagreements between the two partners intensified, ultimately resulting in the formation of an arbitration tribunal tasked with resolving the matter. During the dispute, political elites and the public advanced a plethora of accusations and conspiracy theories regarding the underlying motives behind the Romanian authorities' willingness to uphold Western financial interests more than "true" and "national" interests. This article analyzes the Hallier Affair, identified by observers and historians as one of the most significant instances of political corruption in Romanian history, by examining the nexus between major infrastructure projects and political corruption between 1895 and 1900. It focuses on clientelism, abuse of public office, treason, and other charges made against government officials who supported the purportedly illegitimate financial interests of a profiteering entrepreneur and political debates on the relationship between Romanians and foreigners at a time when national(ist) forces were striving for complete independence and Romania's integration into the "civilized world."