The impact of Body Mass Index (BMI) on mortality rates in patients with severe burns

There is an increase in the number of obese patients in burn units. Obesity is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome and chronic diseases, including cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders and diabetes. However, there is evidence that moderate obesity and overweight have a potentially protective effect on mortality among severely burned patients. The "obesity paradox" may result from the protective effect of adipose tissue due to its thermal conductivity and the regenerative potential resulting from the presence of mesenchymal stem cells in the subcutaneous tissue. This review aims to summarize available data showing correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2) and clinical outcome of the treatment of burns, including its impact on mortality. We pointed out direction of further research that should be conducted to more precisely examine the relationship between weight and course of treatment of burn patients. A systemic search was conducted of the relevant literature up to and including July 2024-using database PubMed. The presented articles confirm the J-shaped and U-shaped correlation between BMI and mortality in burn patients. Being overweight or moderately obese proved to be protective compared to having a normal BMI or more severe obesity. Obesity is undoubtedly associated with several adverse health effects and requires additional challenges for health care in the process of treating its undesirable effects. However, the presented articles prove that overweight and obesity can have a protective effect on patients with severe burns.