EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND EXPLANT TYPES ON THE CALLUS INDUCTION IN GRAPE VINE (VITIS VINIFERA L.)

This study presents the use of plant tissue culture technology in inducing callus from different plant parts and varying concentrations of growth regulators in common grape vine (Vitis vinifera L.). The research, carried out in 2022-2023 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory-College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq, comprised two stages, including sterilizing the explants using various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) for 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The second stage included establishing callus types by growing the explants on MS medium prepared with different concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg L-1) and benzyl adenine (BA) (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg L-1). The results showed the sterilizing agent (1.5%) with 10 minutes gave the lowest contamination without affecting the vitality of explants. The interaction of 2,4-D (3 mg L-1) and BA (0.4 mg L-1) emerged superior by showing the highest response rate (80%) to callus induction from shoots. The growing apex with 2,4-D (2 mg L-1) achieved the maximum fresh and dry weights of callus (3.32 and 1.03 mg, respectively).