Natural products targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway:Potential therapeutic drug candidates

The NF-kappa B signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating cell growth, immune responses, and inflammation. Aberrant activation of this pathway is closely associated with various diseases, including cancers, auto-immune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting the NF-kappa B pathway, particularly these natural products derived from plants or microorganisms, have attracted significant attention. This review commences with an introduction to the key components and functions of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and mainly focuses on natural products and their analogs targeting different stages of this pathway, especially membrane receptors, kinases, and p65/50 subunits, as well as other signaling pathways that regulate the NF-kappa B pathway, aiming to provide substantial guidance for the design and development of new NF-kappa B inhibitors and the clinical treatment of NF-kappa B-related diseases.