Parental Perceptions and Family Impact on Adolescents' Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Relation to the Severity of Malocclusion and Caries Status

Background/Objectives: Parents/caregivers' reports are valuable because they frequently play a crucial role in making decisions concerning a child's health, and their perspectives can significantly impact treatment choices. Furthermore, negative effects of oral health issues extend beyond just the adolescent patient, having an impact on family life. The aim of this study is to explore the perception of parents/caregivers regarding their children's oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and how the OHRQoL of adolescents impacts their family life. Methods: The Parental-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire-16 (P-CPQ-16) and the Family Impact Scale-8 (FIS-8) were administered to 160 parents/caregivers of adolescents aged 10-18 years old at the Dental Clinic of the University of Naples Federico II (Italy). Adolescents' oral health status was recorded using the Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT/dmft) index and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Results: FIS-8 and P-CPQ-16 scores showed no significant differences across DAI and DMFT/dmft subgroups. However, regression analysis found a significant association between social well-being and total P-CPQ-16 scores with the DAI and DMFT index. Spearman's correlation showed statistical significance only for the social well-being domain of P-CPQ-16 with respect to DAI scores. Conclusions: Parents/caregivers perceived a difference in their children's OHRQoL according to different severities of malocclusion and dental caries; however, they did not report any impact on the family's quality of life. Since adolescents often visit dentists due to parental influence, involving parents who perceive a lower quality of life in children with severe malocclusions or compromised oral health is crucial for effective care.