HIV visibility among people living with HIV in the central of Iran

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has had far-reaching consequences for humans as a socio-medical problem. This study aimed to estimate HIV visibility by different categories of social network and their relevant factors. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Markazi Province of Iran. A total of 123 people living with HIV (PLWH) were recruited. A comprehensive list of relationships was provided, and the extent of awareness of PLWH' acquaintances about their disease was evaluated. 95% confidence interval (CI) of visibility rate was obtained using bootstrapping procedure. Potential determinants of HIV visibility were modelled with zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis. Results: The HIV visibility rate was estimated to be 14.8% (range, 11.3-18.3%), and HIV was more visible to one's spouse than to others (83%). The HIV visibility rate was higher in family members than non-family members, in the consanguineal family than affinal family, and in immediate family than extended family members. The duration of HIV disease, socio-economic status level, transmission route, and closeness of acquaintances were the important determinants of HIV visibility. Conclusions: The HIV visibility rate in this study was very low. Decision of status disclosure is a potentially critical decision, resulting in positive or negative consequences. The whole society, including PLWH, can benefit from interventions helping promoting HIV disclosure. It is essential to verify the assessed parameters based on the estimated HIV visibility rates.