Lutein: A natural defence combating age-related macular degeneration

Background: Recently, lutein has been gaining wide attention in the nutraceutical market due to its remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Yet, about 200 million people across the globe are estimated to have age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that is highly correlated with lutein deficiency. Since lutein cannot be naturally synthesized in our body, it necessitates the intake of lutein through dietary supplements and diverse functional foods. With statistics supporting the fact that a massive group of the population is under the threat of AMD, it is the need of the hour to provide a palliative measure that is natural, effective, robust, and with minimal side effects. This review summarizes the potential of lutein as an effective measure that prevents the progression of AMD and emphasizes microalgae to be a reliable source for the commercialization of lutein. Hypothesis: Lutein is a natural curative to treat age-related macular degeneration. Results: Many epidemiological and clinical studies indicate the effective use of lutein to help prevent AMD. It is also inferred that several microalgae species are potent candidates compared to the other natural sources available for producing and commercializing lutein globally. Moreover, it has been figured out that lutein amplifies the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus and activates Nrf2 thereby supporting the hypothesized antioxidant pathway that takes place in the macular region of the eye. Conclusion: Lutein, a carotenoid might considerably reduce the progression of AMD through its regular dietary consumption. Combinations of lutein along with zeaxanthin can be employed as supportive therapy as it may retard the advancement of AMD and other eye-related diseases. Though these facts might be convincing, the clarification regarding the exact mechanism of lutein in alleviating AMD needs to be further studied.