Relationship between sleep disturbances, alexithymia, psychiatric problems, and clinical variables in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1DM) in children is frequently associated with sleep disorders. The prevalence of these disorders varies by region attributable to variations in co-sleeping customs, nocturnal rituals, and environmental influences. This study aims to assess sleep problems and their related characteristics among children diagnosed with T1DM in the Upper Egypt region. This cross-sectional study involved 118 children with T1DM, aged 6 to 12 years. The outcomes from the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Abbreviated (CSHQ-A) were utilized to categorize the subjects into two groups: the first group comprised individuals with sleep problems (N = 70), and the second group included individuals with non-sleep problems (N = 48). All participants were evaluated using the Socioeconomic Scale, the Clinical Evaluation of Emotional Regulation-9 (CEER-9), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and the Children's Alexithymia Measure (CAM).ResultsSleep problems were prevalent in 59.3% of participants. Children with sleep problems had elevated rates of overweight/obesity, ocular problems increased medication usage, exercise difficulties, diminished quality of life, higher mean scores on the emotional regulation scale, and greater levels of alexithymia as compared to those without sleep disorders. The prevalence of conduct and hyperactivity problems was greater in children with sleep problems compared to those without sleep problems. Regression analysis revealed that increased BMI, presence of ocular issues, higher alexithymia scores, and poor quality of life were associated with a greater likelihood of experiencing sleep problems.ConclusionsNearly two-thirds of children with T1DM in Upper Egypt experienced sleep problems. These issues were associated with higher BMI, ocular problems, elevated alexithymia scores, and poorer quality of life.