Blockchain-Driven Circular Economy Practices in Perishable Supply Chain for Mitigating Food Loss and Waste

Blockchain technology has the capacity to facilitate a circular food economy by mitigating food loss and waste (FLW) within the perishable supply chain (PSC) while aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Utilizing the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATEL) method, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of blockchain-driven enablers vital for FLW reduction. The findings underscore the critical importance of Transparency and Traceability (TAT) as the most influential enabler, essential for enhancing food safety, reducing FLW, and promoting sustainable consumption and production (SDGs 2 and 12). Smart Contracts (SC) follow closely, automating processes, improving supply chain efficiency, and contributing to food security (SDGs 2 and 9). Regulatory Compliance (RC) ensures adherence to food safety and traceability regulations, directly impacting food security and responsible production (SDGs 2 and 12). Consumer Engagement (CE) empowers consumers and encourages responsible consumption, a core principle of a circular food economy (SDG 12). Digital Identity Verification (DIV) and IoT Integration (ITI) enhance sustainability and real-time environmental monitoring, supporting the principles of a circular economy, particularly climate action (SDG 13). While Decentralization (DC), Interoperability (IP), and Sustainability Metrics (SM) have broader supply chain implications, their indirect impact on the circular economy is substantial. Future research directions include exploring enabler integration, technological advancements, cross-sectoral collaboration, and robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for FLW reduction within the circular food economy. Disseminating knowledge, emphasizing policy implications, and addressing regional variations are crucial steps in realizing the potential of blockchain-enabled FLW reduction and SDG alignment in the circular food economy.