Anti-bacterial activity of green synthesized and surface modified silver nanoparticles with silica and dopamine for efficient cadmium removal from aqueous solutions

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a challenging worldwide health issue. Cadmium (Cd) contamination in aqueous environments poses a significant threat to human health and ecosystem integrity because of its toxic and nonbiodegradable nature. Aim: The current study aimed to understand the antibacterial activity of green synthesized and surface-modified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with silica and dopamine (DA) for efficient Cd removal from aqueous solutions. Methods: A green and ecofriendly nanosorbent, AgNPs@TEOS@DA, was synthesized to study its antibacterial activity and efficient removal of Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The nanosorbent synthesis process adheres to green chemistry principles, utilizing biologically derived reducing agents. AgNPs@TEOS@DA exhibit a uniform spherical morphology, providing a high surface area for interactions with target Cd (II) ions. Results: SP nanoparticles exhibited the highest inhibition zones for various bacteria and were most effective. The study established a 15-minutes incubation time as optimal for rapid and consistent Cd (II) ion absorption. The adsorption efficiency was pH-dependent, with the maximum absorption observed at a pH of approximately 6.0. The concentration-dependent adsorption behavior was also observed in accordance with the established adsorption kinetics. The environmentally friendly synthesis process and efficient Cd (II) ion removal capability of AgNPs@TEOS@DA make them promising candidates for addressing environmental and water quality challenges. This study contributes to the advancement of ecofriendly materials for heavy metal removal while supporting sustainable and environmentally conscious practices. Conclusion: This study paves the way for the utilization of ecofriendly materials for heavy metal removal, fostering a more sustainable and environmentally conscious approach to wastewater treatment.