Tourism Constraints for the Senior: Scale Development

Seniors have become a significant force in tourism consumption, however, they are frequently abstained from traveling due to various constraints. Existing research on the tourism constraints of the senior primarily focuses on dimensional analysis, but there is a lack of readily useable measurement scales to measure tourism constraints for seniors. This study fills this gap by developing a tourism constraint scale for seniors through two rounds of survey questionnaires, employing reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis to test the scale's reliability and validity. The study identifies five dimensions of tourism constraints among seniors: physical and safety constraints, interpersonal constraints, support constraints, destination attribute constraints, and post-participation experience constraints, encompassing 25 measurement items in total. The findings of this paper lay a solid theoretical foundation for subsequent studies on senior tourism constraints and related variables. Practically, it holds reference value for the development of the senior tourism market, tourism product design and marketing.