The efficacy of low-level laser therapy in oral surgery: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Background: Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has gained attention as a non-invasive adjunctive treatment in oral surgery due to its potential to enhance tissue healing, reduce postoperative pain, and modulate inflammation. Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of LLLT in improving postoperative wound healing, alleviating pain, and controlling inflammation in patients undergoing oral surgical procedures. It also aimed to identify optimal laser parameters for future clinical application. Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PROPS framework. Literature searches were conducted in five electronic databases and grey literature sources up to March 2025. Studies included adult patients undergoing oral surgery, treated with LLLT, and reporting outcomes related to healing, pain, inflammation, or complications. Results: Eighteen RCTs comprising 771 patients were included. LLLT consistently demonstrated superior outcomes compared to placebo, sham, or standard care. All studies reported enhanced wound healing, particularly with wavelengths between 660 and 810 nm and energy densities of 3-12 J/cm2. Postoperative pain was reduced by 30-55 % within the first 3-7 days post-surgery, according to Visual Analog Scale scores. Studies that assessed inflammatory biomarkers showed reductions in TNF-alpha and IL-6, and increased VEGF expression. Additionally, several studies indicated a lower incidence of postoperative complications such as infection and delayed healing in LLLT-treated groups. Conclusion: LLLT appears to be a safe and effective adjunct in oral surgery. Further high-quality studies with standardized protocols and longer follow-up periods are needed to support its broader clinical implementation.