Epidemiology, Treatment Outcomes, and Prognosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Neoplasms in Taiwan: Real-World Insights and Trends

Novel categorization may enhance novel treatment, alter the treatment landscape in ways that prolong patient survival and improve the quality of life. HSCT improves patietents' outcomes. However, the role of pretransplant treatment and the impact of pretransplant blast percentage remain unclear. Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS) are a diverse group of clonal myeloid disorders. Advances in molecular technology lead to the development of new classification systems. However, large-scale epidemiological studies on MDS in Asian countries are currently scarce. Patients: Data were retrospectively collected from 1,095 patients with primary MDS, Patients with prior chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hematologic malignancies were excluded. Methods: Patients with cryopreserved bone marrow (BM) samples were sequenced using the TruSight Myeloid Panel and HiSeq platform. KaplanMeier analysis was used to generate sur vival cur ves, with significance assessed via the logrank test. Results: This analysis revealed significant changes in MDS subtypes, treatments, and prognoses over time, with more patients receiving hypomethylating agents (HMA) with and without venetoclax and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in recent years. Survival analysis revealed that both IPSS-R and IPSS-M did well stratified MDS patients and improved outcomes in the patients who underwent HSCT. Although the number of patients was limited in current study, combination therapy with HMA and venetoclax resulted in improved treatment responses and a higher rate of successful bridging to HSCT. These findings underscore the need for further large-scale studies to investigate the impact of combination treatment on MDS patients undergoing transplantation.