Human-Nature Relational Values-A Semi-Systematic Literature Review

Sustainability has historically considered the natural world in terms of instrumental value (protecting nature for humanity's benefit) and intrinsic value (protecting nature for nature's sake), without consideration of the other ways values are expressed and experienced. This instrumental-intrinsic dichotomy does not acknowledge the intuitive, familial, and spiritual relationships that exist between peoples and the natural world. Recognition of a third set of values-relational values-reflects the relationships between humans and nature and offers a complimentary approach to sustainability education. This semi-systematic literature review synthesizes and contextualizes the nascent construct of relational values to better understand how they can be articulated, applied, and ultimately assessed.