Mortalidad por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) en pacientes oncológicos

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection represents a particular mortality risk for cancer patients. Objectives:To identify and describe the clinical and pathological characteristics associated with mortality in cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted between June 2020 and April 2021 across three hematology-oncology units. Results: A total of 274 patients with hematological or oncological malignancies who contracted the SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified. The overall mortality rate was 18.6%. Variables significantly associated with mortality included hematological neoplasms (p = 0.026), solid tumors (p = 0.021), leukemias (p = 0.011), symptoms such as fever, dyspnea, general malaise, and odynophagia, as well as comorbidities including moderate to severe kidney disease (p = 0.021), HIV infection (p = 0.032), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0.046). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of leukemia (OR 4.23; 95% CI: 1.10-16.0; p = 0.035), dyspnea (OR 9.58; 95% CI: 3.5925.3; p = 0.001), and HIV infection (OR 16.5; 95% CI: 1.10-247; p = 0.042) were independent predictors of SARS-CoV-2 mortality in cancer patients. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 mortality in cancer patients is higher than in the general population, with increased rates observed in patients with kidney disease, HIV, diabetes, and hematological malignancies.