Emphysematous cystitis complicated by pelviperitonitis: A rare form of urinary tract infection. A case report

Introduction: Emphysematous cystitis is a rare and serious urinary tract infection characterized by the presence of gas within the bladder wall. Factors that increase the risk of developing this condition include advanced age particularly in women, diabetes mellitus, neurogenic bladder, the use of urethral catheters, vesicorectal fistula, and bladder outlet obstruction. Case presentation: We present the case of a 32-year-old woma, with a two-month history of retroviral infection, admitted for dysuria associated with hypogastric pain and fever, progressing over the past week. The urgent uroCT scan led to the diagnosis of emphysematous cystitis, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for management. Discussion: Emphysematous cystitis (EC) arises from infections caused by gas-producing bacteria. Complications associated with EC may involve bladder rupture, peritonitis, and/or emphysematous pyelonephritis, hence the importance of early diagnosis and adequate managment. Conclusion: Our case enriches the literature on a rare pathology and underlines the importance of accurate and rapid diagnosis to avoid complications that can threaten renal and vital prognosis.