Factors Influencing Influenza Vaccination: A Survey-Based Cross-Sectional Study in the City of Syracuse, Italy

Seasonal influenza represents a significant public health challenge, with high hospitalization and mortality rates among the most vulnerable populations. Despite healthcare recommendations and the availability of safe and effective vaccines, vaccination coverage remains below the targets set by the WHO. This study analyzes the role of socioeconomic factors, knowledge, and individual attitudes in adherence to influenza vaccination in the City of Syracuse, Italy. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 394 adults from the ASP of Siracusa, recruited through General Practitioners. A questionnaire collected sociodemographic data, vaccination information, and assessments of knowledge and attitudes. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regressions to evaluate the factors associated with vaccination. Multivariate analysis highlighted a significant association between vaccination adherence and socioeconomic and demographic factors. Older age was associated with a higher likelihood of vaccination (OR = 1.04; p = 0.002), while being married or cohabiting was linked to a lower probability of getting vaccinated (OR = 0.33; p = 0.002). Moreover, residents of small towns had a significantly lower probability of vaccination compared to those living in urban areas (OR = 0.04; p < 0.001). Knowledge about the vaccine had a marginal impact on adherence, whereas a favorable attitude did not show a significant association. Adherence to influenza vaccination is influenced by sociodemographic factors, with lower coverage in small municipalities and younger age groups. The active involvement of General Practitioners and targeted strategies for communication and accessibility could improve vaccination coverage.